湖北辽瓦店遗址地层记录的环境变迁与人类活动的关系研究   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李中轩  朱诚  张广胜  欧阳杰  王然 《第四纪研究》2008,28(6):1145-1159

用XRF和ICP-AES方法分别测试了湖北辽瓦店遗址地层样品的氧化物含量和地球化学元素含量,恢复了遗址地层中夏代文化层、东周文化层和明清文化层记录的环境变化和人类活动特征。结果表明:1)夏代文化层时期,气候温暖湿润,生态环境良好,人类活动与自然环境和谐度高,有原始的手工业活动记录。2)东周时期气候开始进入干旱期,干旱程度在上东周文化层中部逐渐加深(LOI=6.98%),到了上东周文化层顶部气候进入暖湿期。该层Cu含量的异常高值(0.31mg/g)和出土的青铜器表明本文化层反映了青铜社会的繁荣期,而P含量的高值(22.73mg/g)和动物骨屑则反映了该期人们驯养、捕猎动物的普遍性。3)明清时期的气候趋于干凉,明代文化层中部有短暂暖湿期,后又进入冷干期。清代文化层中下部有暖湿特征,之后重新进入干冷期。该层Ca(均值101.5mg/g),Mg(均值60.27mg/g),Zn和Pb的高含量表明遗址曾有过制陶(瓷)业的历史。另外,Mg和Ca含量的高值与耕作区、墙壁灰浆、生活垃圾堆积等人类活动相关。Ca和Mg含量在近现代层逐步升高揭示了人类活动逐渐增强的事实。地层的平均粒径自上东周文化层(<142cm)开始出现振荡,暗示汉江洪水和季节性山洪发生的频率不断增加,表明恶劣环境条件虽然促进了人类生产力水平的提高,但原始生态系统却遭到破坏,人类活动对自然环境的正反馈效应日益凸显。  相似文献   

GIS空间分析与模糊综合评判在银行ATM网点选址中的应用   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

黎雯  周廷刚  张伟 《测绘科学》2008,33(1):229-231,237

空间分析是GIS的核心和灵魂,是GIS区别于一般信息系统的主要标志之一。运用GIS空间分析中的叠置分析、缓冲区分析、网络分析等功能对自动柜员机(ATM)网点进行选址,应用模糊综合评判模型对选址区位评价确定出ATM布放的最终布局,并通过实例验证该方法能为在ATM网点选址中提供决策依据,最后探讨了今后研究的方向。  相似文献   

The Role of Fracture Structure in Leachate Pollution at Landfills： A Case Study of a Landfill in Chongqing City     

LUO Yunju  LIU Dongyan  LI Xiulan  ZHU Zhengwei 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(5)

This paper studies a landfill where there are three faults running through.As serious pollution has occurred to the geological environment,the landfill is to be closed up and renovated.The paper aims to explore the role of fracture structure in leachate pollution at the landfill.The research was carried out in several stages.First,mathematical models of the pre-renovation landfill with three faults running through and the landfill after renovation were established.And then,the boundary conditions and parameters of the two mathematical models were determined.The groundwater level of the landfills was simulated in order to modify the two mathematical models.As a result,a feasible mathematical model was achieved.Based on this model,a comparison was made of the COD concentration variations in the inside leachate and outside leachate between the two landfills. Accordingly,the impacts of the fracture structure on the pollution of leachate at the landfills could be identified.The study results show that while faults contribute to the migration of leachate,they also serve as a confluence of leachate,thus further deteriorating the environment.The COD concentrations of the inside leachate and the outside leacbate of the pre-renovation landfill are respectively 800 mg/L and 220 mg/L higher than those of the post.renovation landfill.Therefore,measures must be taken to handle the leachate seepage in areas where there are faults as well as the neighboring areas so as to get the environmental pollution under control.  相似文献   

The Role of Fracture Structure in Leachate Pollution at Landfills: A Case Study of a Landfill in Chongqing City     

LUO Yunju  LIU Dongyan  LI Xiulan  ZHU Zhengwei 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(5):1020-1026

This paper studies a landfill where there are three faults running through. As serious pollution has occurred to the geological environment, the landfill is to be closed up and renovated. The paper aims to explore the role of fracture structure in leachate pollution at the landfill. The research was carried out in several stages. First, mathematical models of the pre-renovation landfill with three faults running through and the landfill after renovation were established. And then, the boundary conditions and parameters of the two mathematical models were determined. The groundwater level of the landfills was simulated in order to modify the two mathematical models. As a result, a feasible mathematical model was achieved. Based on this model, a comparison was made of the COD concentration variations in the inside leachate and outside leachate between the two landfills. Accordingly, the impacts of the fracture structure on the pollution of leachate at the landfills could be identified. The study results show that while faults contribute to the migration of ieachate, they also serve as a confluence of leachate, thus further deteriorating the environment. The COD concentrations of the inside leachate and the outside leachate of the pre-renovation landfill are respectively 800 mg/L and 220 mg/L higher than those of the post-renovation landfill. Therefore, measures must be taken to handle the ieachate seepage in areas where there are faults as well as the neighboring areas so as to get the environmental pollution under control.  相似文献   

滨海地区不同质地土壤对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的吸附作用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高秀花  赵欣梅  吴百春  王薇 《地下水》2008,30(6)

为了探讨粉砂、粉质粘土、粉土对垃圾渗滤液中NH4+-N的吸附作用,在室内做了吸附实验,实验结果表明,三种土样吸附NH4+-N的等温吸附曲线均符合Langmuir模式,且最大吸附量分别为粉砂1.3 034 ms/g,粉质粘土1.109 mg/g,粉土0.3 439 mS/S.不同土样吸附NH4+-N的能力差异较大,三种土样的吸附顺序为:粉砂>粉质粘土>粉土;三种土样的迟滞因子分别为粉砂27.939,粉质粘土21.782,粉土18.257,说明粉砂和粉质粘土的防污能力较粉土强.  相似文献   

基于已知钻孔的场地类别模糊等值线的建立     

梁师俊 《岩土工程技术》2008,22(4):182-185

对照现行《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB50011-2001）场地类别划分方法,应用模糊数学原理,推导了场地类别的模糊二次评价方法,得出了场地类别的模糊向量和模糊特征周期,实现了场地类别划分的连续化;在此基础上,基于收集到的杭州市254个建筑场地波速钻孔实测资料,通过建立场地类别地质模型,实现了场地类别、特征周期的模糊等值线,与实测资料对比,结果表明：由该模糊等值线得出的建筑场地抗震类别与现行《建筑抗震设计规范》给出的场地类别是统一的,模糊特征周期与规范给出的特征周期基本上是吻合的,该模糊等值线对建筑抗震设计具有指导意义。  相似文献   

包气带介质截留不同龄垃圾渗滤液中的有机污染物   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周睿  赵勇胜  吴倩芳  李红顺  任何军  屈智慧 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(6):1032-1036

从渗滤液场龄和包气带岩性两方面着手,研究了不同岩性包气带介质对不同场龄渗滤液中有机污染物的截留作用规律。结果表明:新渗滤液经过以细砂、亚粘土为介质的包气带后,细砂和亚粘土中有机物的质量分数分别从0.70%和0.87%增大至0.80%和1.00%以上,而老渗滤液使细砂和亚粘土中有机物的质量分数降至0.70%和0.50%以下。新渗滤液经过包气带后,包气带介质中有机物的含量增大,而老渗滤液使包气带介质中有机物的含量降低,亚粘土较细砂更容易受到渗滤液污染的影响。即渗滤液性质对包气带介质中有机物含量具有方向性的影响作用,而包气带介质亚粘土比细砂更容易放大这种作用效果。  相似文献   

Estimation of statistical parameters for censored lognormal hydraulic conductivity measurements     

Xian-Huan Wen 《Mathematical Geology》1994,26(6):717-731

Field tests of hydraulic conductivity (e.g., injection test, pumping test, etc.) in low permeability formations are subject to censoring due to the detection limit of the instruments used. An iterative method of estimating the mean and variance of hydraulic conductivity data with a presumed log-normal distribution function is presented. This method accounts for the data that are actually below the lower detection limit (called truncated data) and thus gives distribution parameters that are more representative for the underlying distribution. The proposed method is then tested on two simulated normally distributed random datasets having different variances. The results show that the means and variances estimated by the proposed method are very accurate. Finally, the method is used to estimate the mean and variance of hydraulic conductivity data from single hole water injection tests in a fractured geological formation.  相似文献   

Blind prediction of the site effects at Ashigara Valley,Japan, and its comparison with reality     

J. Zahradník  P. Moczo  F. Hron 《Natural Hazards》1994,10(1-2):149-170

Weak and strong ground motions were numerically predicted for three stations of the Ashigara Valley test site. The prediction was based on the records from a rock-outcrop station, one weak-motion record from a surface-sediments station, and the standard geotechnical model. The data were provided by the Japanese Working Group on the Effects of Surface Geology as a part of an international experiment. The finite-difference method for SH waves in a 2-D linear viscoelastic medium (a causalQ model) was employed.Comparison with the real records shows that at two stations the predictions fit better than at the third one. Strangely, the two better predictions were for stations situated at larger distances from the reference rock station (one station was on the surface, the other in a borehole). The strong ground motion (the peak acceleration of about 200 cm s^–2) was not predicted qualitatively worse than the weak motion (8 cm s^–2). A less sophisticated second prediction (not submitted during the experiment), in which we did not attempt to fit the available weak-motion record at the sedimentary station, agrees with the reality significantly better.  相似文献   

Site Effects Study in the Serravalle Village (NE Italy) by Means of Spectral Ratios Analyses Relatively to Multiple Reference Sites     

Andrea Restivo  Carla Barnaba  Alberto Michelini 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(1):31-49

The area of Serravalle, sited in the northern part of the town of Vittorio Veneto (TV), NE Italy, has been the target of a seismic microzonation campaign. 10 seismic stations have been deployed for a 7 months period to record in continuous mode. Three stations were installed on bedrock outcrops and seven on sedimentary sites with variable cover thickness. Spectral analyses have been performed on the collected data-set using the Generalized Inversion Technique (GIT, e.g. Andrews, 1986). In particular, spectral ratios have been calculated for each station relatively to the average of the three reference, bedrock sites. The spectral ratios provide quantitative estimates of the seismic motion amplifications which occur in each of the monitored sites. Two sites show high values of amplification, 5 times larger than signal amplitude at the reference sites, in correspondence of well discernible peak frequencies of 5 Hz. Results for the other stations show smaller amounts of site amplification spreading over a broad range of frequencies. Sites where the highest amplifications were recorded all lie on the left bank of the Meschio River and in areas farther away from its outlet into the plain correlating with the presence of thick layers of Quaternary deposits.  相似文献